Running Commentary on Torah 20 — Nine Tikkunim Yakirin of the Beard

Beginner: **"Leshon Rabbeinu z"l"** — Rabbeinu's own voice. Intermediate: **"Leshon Rabbeinu z"l"** — Rabbeinu's own voice.

Beginner: **Frame**: **Perek Telisa'ah (of Sifra d'Tzni'usa)** — Third chapter. Intermediate: **Perek Telisa'ah (Sifra d'Tzni'usa)**

Beginner: **The Sifra d'Tzni'usa passage**: **"Tish'ah tikkunin yakirin ismasra l'dikna — kol mah d'itmor v'lo isg'laya, ila'ah v'yakirah ishtekach, v'hu ginzaya yakira: **(1)** nimin al nimin mi'kamei pischei d'udnin ad reisha [d'puma]; **(2)** mei'reisha hai l'reisha achara; **(3)** ishtekach misachos trein nikvin archa malya d'lo ischazya; **(4)** il'in is'chafin mei'hai gisa u'mei'hai gisa, bahu is'chazin **(5)** tapuchin sumkin k'vardah; **(6)** b'chad chuta talin achmin takifin ad chadvei; **(7)** safon sumkei k'vardah ispanon; **(8)** ze'irin nachatin b'garona u'machafin kadla; **(9)** rav'rvin u'ze'irin nachatin b'shekula — ba'ilein ishtekach gvar v'takif."** — 'Nine precious tikkunim were handed to the beard — whatever is hidden and not revealed, exalted and precious is found, and this is the precious treasure: (1) hairs upon hairs from before the openings of the ears to the head [of the mouth]; (2) from this head to another head; (3) there is found beneath the two nostrils a passageway full yet not visible; (4) cheeks covered from this side and that, and in them appear (5) red apples like a rose; (6) on one thread hang black curls, mighty, down to the chest; (7) red lips like a rose are cleared; (8) small [hairs] descend on the throat and cover the neck-back; (9) great and small descend in balance — in these is found **gvar v'takif** (a mighty and strong man).' Intermediate: **Sifra d'Tzni'usa passage**: 9 **tikkunin yakirin** given to the **dikna** (beard). (1) nimin al nimin from ear-openings to head of mouth; (2) head to head; (3) path beneath nostrils; (4) cheeks from both sides; (5) red apples k'vardah; (6) one thread of mighty black down to chest; (7) red lips k'vardah; (8) small [hairs] down throat; (9) great+small in balance → **gvar v'takif**.

Beginner: **"א."** Intermediate: **"א"** heading.

Beginner: **"Know: there is a **neshamah in the world** by which are revealed the **be'urei u'feirushei ha'Torah**, and she suffers **yisurin** — **'pas ba'melach tochel, u'mayim bi'msurah tishteh, ki kach darkah shel Torah'** (Avos 6:4). All explicators of Torah receive from this neshamah. All her words are **ka'gachalei esh**, for one cannot receive water of Torah except by one whose words are like burning coals — bechina of **'ha'lo koh devari ka'esh'** (Yirmiyahu 23:29)."** **"When this neshamah falls from **'koh devari ka'esh'** — her words cool, she is **removed (nistalkes)**; then the Torah-illumination via her is removed; no mefareish can reach any be'ur of Torah — and **machlokes arises against tzaddikim**. The essential machlokes in the world comes from removal of be'urei ha'Torah — for the be'ur is the **answer to contradictions/riv**. Bechina of **'Midbar Tzin'** (Bamidbar 20:1) = **'dibbur m'tzanen'** (cooling speech) — there Miriam died, bechina of this neshamah who bore the bitterness of shi'bud on the Torah. Then the **be'er** ceased — bechina of be'urei Torah. Then: **'va'yarev ha'am im Moshe'** (Bamidbar 20:3) — bechina of the machlokes."** **"Therefore the mefarshim are called **morim** — because they receive from the neshamah called **Miriam**; also **'mi'talmidai yoser mi'kulam'** (Ta'anis 7a) — they **morim es moreihem** (teach their teachers). Moshe said: **'shim'u na ha'morim'** (Bamidbar 20:10)."** Intermediate: **Neshamah reveals be'urei Torah**, suffers "pas ba'melach" (Avos 6:4). Words=**gachalei esh** (Yir 23:29 "ha'lo koh devari ka'esh"). Fall→words cool→removal→no be'urim→**machlokes** (the answer to riv is the be'ur). **Midbar Tzin/Miriam** (Bam 20:1) = dibbur m'tzanen → be'er stops → "va'yarev ha'am" (Bam 20:3). Mefarshim=**morim** from **Miriam** (also "mi'talmidai yoser," Ta'an 7a).

Beginner: **"ב."** Intermediate: **"ב"** heading.

Beginner: **"One who wishes to draw **be'urei Torah** must first draw to himself **dibburim chamim ka'gachalei esh**. Dibbur is drawn from the **lev elyon** — **'tzur l'vavi'** (Tehillim 73:26). Must pour out one's soul in **tefilah** before Hashem; via that tefilah, mercies are stirred in Hashem, and the **lev elyon opens** — ikar rachamim is in the heart — and **dibburim** flow from the lev elyon; via the dibbur one draws be'urei Torah from there."** **"The lev = **selah** (stone/rock) from which dibbur comes — bechina of **'mili b'sela'** (Megillah 18a). Selah = **tzur** — **'pasach tzur va'yazuvu mayim'** (Tehillim 105:41). Tzur = lev = **'tzur l'vavi'**. The lev is stirred with rachamim and pours out **dibburim chamim** — **'cham libi b'kirbi, b'hagigi siv'ar esh; dibarti bi'lshoni'** (Tehillim 39:4)."** **"In this lev are written all **be'urei ha'Torah** — **'k'sveim al luach libecha'** (Mishlei 3:3). One who wants a be'ur must take from this lev via tefilah. Therefore every mefareish must first pour out tefilah to arouse the lev elyon to pour dibburim ka'gachalei esh upon him; then begin to expound — for the tzur will open and its waters (be'urei Torah) will flow."** Intermediate: **Drawing be'urei Torah requires dibburim chamim** from **lev elyon/tzur l'vavi** (Teh 73:26). Pour tefilah → rachamei lev open → dibburim flow (Teh 39:4 "cham libi b'kirbi"). Lev=**selah/tzur** (Meg 18a "mili b'sela"; Teh 105:41 "pasach tzur va'yazuvu mayim"). Be'urim written there (Mishlei 3:3 "k'sveim al luach libecha"). Every mefareish must first tefilah → only then expound.

Beginner: **"ג."** Intermediate: **"ג"** heading.

Beginner: **"Difference between a **be'ur** said to oneself vs one to the rabbim: when expounding before the rabbim, before the be'ur he binds himself with their neshamos and pours out his soul in tefilah — **'hein Kel kabir lo yim'as'** (Iyov 36:5; Berachos 8a — communal tefilah is never rejected); but a yachid's tefilah — may be rejected. Therefore: **'v'dibartem el ha'sela l'eineihem'** (Bamidbar 20:8) — your tefilah should be when the tzibbur is gathered. **'Hakhel es ha'am'** (Devarim 31:12)."** Intermediate: **ג. Be'ur for rabbim** requires first binding to their neshamos + communal tefilah ("Kel kabir lo yim'as," Iyov 36:5; Ber 8a); yachid's tefilah can be rejected. **"V'dibartem el ha'sela l'eineihem"** (Bam 20:8); **"hakhel"** (Dev 31:12).

Beginner: **"ד."** Intermediate: **"ד"** heading.

Beginner: **"Chiluk between book and hearing from chacham himself**: one who hears from the chacham himself has his neshamah bound with the chacham's at the moment of tefilah; this person has a **portion in this be'ur**. Via tefilah, kedushah is added above; every tefilah from many neshamos adds kedushah above and arouses the **lev elyon** more — and the lev elyon pours more be'ur-waters. **'V'atah kadosh yosheiv tehillos Yisrael'** (Tehillim 22:4) — via Israel's tehillos, His kedushah is increased."** **"All those present at the time of the drush — their **rish'us** is subdued via the tov of the chacham darsheiring; proportional to their subdual, so the enemies (= klipos surrounding the lev elyon — **'zos Yerushalayim, samtihah b'soch ha'goyim'** [Yechezkel 5:5] — she's the lev, **'dabru al lev Yerushalayim'** [Yeshayahu 40:2]) are subdued."** Intermediate: **ד. Hearing from chacham directly**: neshamah binds at tefilah-moment → **portion in be'ur**. Communal tefilah adds kedushah (Teh 22:4 "yosheiv tehillos") → lev elyon pours more. Rish'us of attendees subdued by darshan's tov → klipos around lev subdued (Yech 5:5; Yesh 40:2 — Yerushalayim=lev).

Beginner: **"**'Mateh'** — HKBH said to Moshe: **'kach es mat'cha v'hakhel es ha'eidah'** (Bamidbar 20:8). **Mateh** = the memshalah v'koach of the tzaddik made via his avodah, subduing all enemies above and below. **'Mateh uz'cha yishlach Hashem mi'Tziyon'** (Tehillim 110:2) = mitzvos/ma'asim tovim = **tziyunim** pointing to supernal things, from which a **mateh-oz** to subdue enemies is made. **'Redei b'kerev oyvecha'** (ibid.)."** **"Thus: one who is by the chacham at the time of be'ur — his own **ra is subdued**."** Intermediate: **Mateh**=tzaddik's memshalah/koach via avodah; subdues all enemies ("mateh uz'cha yishlach mi'Tziyon redei b'kerev oyvecha," Teh 110:2; mitzvos=tziyunim→mateh-oz). Presence near chacham → one's own ra subdued.

Beginner: **"**'Shifchi ka'mayim libeich nochach pnei Hashem'** (Eichah 2:19). **Pnei Hashem** = be'urei u'derushei ha'Torah — as **'v'hadarta pnei zakein'** (Vayikra 19:32): **zakein = hadras panim = the 13 tikkunei dikna = the 13 middos she'ha'Torah nidreshes bahen** (Zohar Acharei 62a). Must pour tefilah before drawing be'urei Torah."** **"**'Va'yiplu al pneihem'** (Bamidbar 16:22) — when the machlokes was heard, they understood: be'urei Torah (= bechina of **panim**) had had a **nefilah** — hence the machlokes began."** Intermediate: **"Shifchi ka'mayim libeich nochach pnei Hashem"** (Eichah 2:19): **pnei Hashem**=be'urei/derushei Torah (Vay 19:32 "v'hadarta pnei zakein"=13 tikkunei dikna=13 middos ha'Torah nidreshes, Zohar Acharei 62a). Tefilah precedes. **"Va'yiplu al pneihem"** (Bam 16:22)=understood nefilah of panim/be'urim → machlokes.

Beginner: **"ה."** Intermediate: **"ה"** heading.

Beginner: **"When praying before the drush, must pray **b'tachanunim** — ask **matnas chinam** — not rely on one's own zechus. Though now his **mateh-oz** is aroused, it is not for hisga'us but to subdue the ra among the eidah (rabbim have tov+ra, must subdue ra). But **before Hashem** — stand as **dal v'rash**, speak **tachanunim**, invoke no zechus. **'Va'eschanan el Hashem ba'eis ha'hi lei'mor'** (Devarim 3:23) — must speak tachanunim **at the moment of saying**, i.e., before the drush."** Intermediate: **ה. Tefilah before drush = b'tachanunim / matnas chinam**, no zechus. Mateh-oz is for subduing ra in eidah, not hisga'us. **"Va'eschanan el Hashem ba'eis ha'hi lei'mor"** (Dev 3:23) — tachanunim at saying-moment.

Beginner: **"Moshe's ta'us: HKBH said **'kach es ha'mateh v'hakhel es ha'eidah... v'dibartem el ha'sela l'eineihem'** — take memshalah (mitzvos/ma'asim), gather the eidah (since ra needs mateh-oz), **then 'v'dibartem' — 'ein dibbur ela nachas'** (Shabbos 63a; Midrash Shir Ha'Shirim; Zohar Teitzei 279b: 'v'dibartem' b'dibbur u'fiyus) — pour tefilah b'tachanunim k'dal v'rash **el ha'sela** = lev elyon **l'eineihem** dayka — the kahal must be present to bind with their neshamos. But Moshe did otherwise: remembered his tov/tzedakah at tefilah-time; did not use the mateh for the kahal, but **used the mateh at tefilah-time itself**. **'Va'yarem Moshe es yado'** (Bamidbar 20:11) — **yad = tefilah** — 'va'yehi yadav emunah' (Shemos 17:12, Targum: 'parisan bi'tzlo' [spread in prayer]) — he **raised** his tefilah, did not bind with the kahal."** **"**'Va'yach es ha'sela b'matehu pa'amayim'** (Bamidbar 20:11) — k'vyachol **'hikah tzur va'yazuvu mayim'** (Tehillim 78:20) — he **struck** the lev elyon, took by force (as one takes something by onus/coercion) — because he came with koach of his ma'asim tovim."** **"**Pa'amayim** = 2 strikes: (1) took be'urei Torah b'kocha u'v'onus, not matnas chinam; (2) **'ha'dochek es ha'sha'ah, sha'ah dochakto'** (Berachos 64a; Eruvin 13b) — he was removed before his time. And upon his death, the **Shechinah (=lev elyon)** wails and weeps. **'Pa'amayim'**: Moshe + Aharon both died via hakkaah — **'heimah mei m'rivah'** (Bamidbar 20:13). Therefore do not force, ask only tachanunim."** **"**'Ya'an lo he'emantem bi'** (Bamidbar 20:12) = **tefilah** — tefilah is emunah ("va'yehi yadav emunah"). He separated his tefilah from the kahal's. **'L'hakdisheini l'einei b'nei Yisrael'** — *l'hakdisheini dayka* — for kedushah is added **via rabbim's tefilah**. **'Lachen lo saviu... el ha'aretz'** — allusion to his departure, for kedushah is also added at the tzaddik's petirah — **what was lacked by them is completed by them**."** Intermediate: **Moshe's ta'us**: HKBH commanded take mateh + gather eidah + **v'dibartem (nachas/pi'yus)** with kahal present (Shab 63a; Zohar Teitzei 279b). Moshe instead raised tefilah (**"va'yarem yado"** = "parisan bi'tzlo") separated from kahal, and **struck rock with mateh** (Bam 20:11, Teh 78:20 "hikah tzur")=forced take with ma'asim's koach. **Pa'amayim**: (1) forced not matnas chinam; (2) "dochek es ha'sha'ah — sha'ah dochakto" (Ber 64a; Eruv 13b) = premature petirah. **"Lo he'emantem bi"** (Bam 20:12)=tefilah=emunah; separated from kahal. **"L'hakdisheini l'einei b'nei Yisrael"**=kedushah via rabbim; also via petiras tzaddik (what lacked, completed by him).

Beginner: **"ו."** Intermediate: **"ו"** heading.

Beginner: **"By the zechus of the Torah drawn, one merits **Eretz Yisrael** — 'va'yiten lahem artzos goyim' (Tehillim 105:44). But EY is one of **3 things acquired through yisurin** (Berachos 5a); ikar yisurim = the resha'im who oppose, **motzi'ei dibas ha'aretz**. Must first subdue these resha'im and punish them **b'charba v'katla** — then one can enter EY."** **"Koach to punish resha'im is impossible except via receiving it from **Edom** — this is his koach: **'v'al charb'cha tichyeh'** (Bereshis 27:40); he suckles from **mazal Ma'adim** (Zohar Pinchas 215)."** Intermediate: **ו. EY acquired via yisurin** (Ber 5a); ikar=resha'im/motzi'ei dibah. Must subdue+punish **b'charba v'katla**. Koach for punishment ← **Edom** ("al charb'cha tichyeh," Ber 27:40; mazal Ma'adim; Zohar Pin 215).

Beginner: **"ז."** Intermediate: **"ז"** heading.

Beginner: **"**Spiritual koches born from the letters of the Torah he creates = literal malachim**. They receive power from **Edom** to punish resha'im b'charba v'katla. **'Hashem yiten omer, ha'mevasros tzva rav'** (Tehillim 68:12). They punish resha'im — **'ki malachav y'tzaveh lach... al shachal va'pesen tidroch'** (Tehillim 91:11-13)."** Intermediate: **ז. Malachim from letters of chiddushei Torah** ("Hashem yiten omer," Teh 68:12) receive koach from Edom to punish resha'im (Teh 91:11-13).

Beginner: **"ח."** Intermediate: **"ח"** heading.

Beginner: **"These malachim are **per the chiddushei Torah**; chiddushim per kedushah added above; per rabbim's tefilah so kedushah; per kedushah so chiddushim; per chiddushim so malachim. Conversely: sometimes kedushah is so **mi'utah** that the malachim from chiddushim are **weak**, with no koach to punish b'charba v'katla — only to **subdue resha'im and bring morech (trembling)** into their hearts, but not to execute them."** Intermediate: **ח. Malachim proportional to chiddushim; chiddushim proportional to kedushah; kedushah via rabbim's tefilah**. Mi'ut → weak malachim → only subdue/morech, not charba v'katla.

Beginner: **"ט."** Intermediate: **"ט"** heading.

Beginner: **"Sometimes even **subduing** is beyond these weakened malachim; all they can do is **stir the umos' koach against the resha'im**. Like now in galus — no koach to punish ourselves except **b'dineihem** (in the gentile courts). **'Rasha mach'tir es ha'tzaddik, al kein yetzei mishpat m'ukal'** (Chavakuk 1:4) — the rasha surrounds the tzaddik; no koach except **v'mishpatam**: judge him in their courts, receive koach from them to pursue the rasha."** **"Sometimes this is from HKBH: rasha surrounds tzaddik, and tzaddik can only via their mishpat. Via koach ha'mishpat, **mishpat of kedushah that fell among klipos emerges** — tzaddik brings it out from klipos, **mishpat emerges from its crookedness**; the crookedness in klipos bechina of **'u'mishpatim bal yed'a'um'** (Tehillim 147:20); now straightened: **'al kein yetzei mishpat m'ukal.'**"** Intermediate: **ט. Extreme mi'ut**: even subduing impossible; only **stir umos vs resha'im** — punish via **dineihem** ("rasha mach'tir... yetzei mishpat m'ukal," Chav 1:4; Teh 147:20 "mishpatim bal yed'a'um" → extracted from klipos).

Beginner: **"י."** Intermediate: **"י"** heading.

Beginner: **"Sometimes even that koach is absent; not even to bring morech. Only to **silence them** from speaking sarah (heresy) publicly, lest their words enter the people's ears. And sometimes not even that — all per mi'ut ha'kedushah."** **"**'Va'yishlach Moshe malachim el melech Edom'** (Bamidbar 20:14) — these malachim (as above). **Melech Edom** — as above (Edom the power of charba). **'Koh amar achicha Yisrael'** — these malachim came from the ma'amaros tehoros of Yisrael ('yiten omer ha'mevasros tzva rav'). **'Atah yadata es ha'tla'ah asher m'tzasnu, va'yerdu avoseinu Mitzrayim'** — yadata dayka — all the punishments are through him (Edom), especially galus Mitzrayim, which was due to **pgam ha'bris**; on pgam ha'bris comes **charev** (**'charev nokemes nikmas bris,'** Vayikra 26:25; Zohar Vayechi 240b; Va'era 26b). **'V'yarei'u lanu ha'Mitzrim va'nits'ak el Hashem Elokeinu va'yishlach malach'** — Chazal (Vayikra Rabbah 1:4; Rashi): **'zeh Moshe.'** **'Va'yotzi'einu'** — pgam ha'bris = pgam ha'da'as (**'va'yeida Adam'**, Bereshis 4:1); the **kol arouses the da'as** ('ha'kol m'oreir es ha'kavanah,' Berachos 24b, Rosh, Rabbeinu Yonah, SA OC 101). Hence: **'va'nits'ak'** — 'va'yishma es koleinu' — kol arouses da'as — **'va'yishlach malach'** = Moshe = da'as — via giluy ha'da'as **'va'yotzi'einu.'**"** **"Therefore the **Haggadah is said **b'kol ram**, for the redemption was via kol ("va'yishma koleinu"). Therefore called **Haggadah** — pointing to **tikkun ha'bris** — **'va'yaged lachem es b'riso'** (Devarim 4:13). Essence of the mitzvah is **yayin** — pointing to **tikkun ha'da'as**: **'b'chamra v'reichani pak'chin'** (Sanhedrin 70a); **'tirosh — zacha na'aseh rosh'** (Sanhedrin 70a) = da'as."** **"**'E'e'verah na b'artzecha'** — they wanted to pass to EY via Edom's koach, to receive koach to punish resha'im b'charba v'katla, so they could go **derech ha'melech** (the King of the world's path), not for olam hazeh's ta'anugim: **'lo neilech b'sadeh u'vecherem v'lo nishteh mei b'er'** (Bamidbar 20:17) — this is olam hazeh's ta'anugim, all we don't want; only **'derech ha'melech neilech'** — so that resha'im won't block us."** **"**'Va'yomer elav Edom: lo sa'avor bi, pen b'cherev etzei li'krasecha'** — all this from mi'ut koach ha'kedushah. **'V'anachnu b'Kadesh, ir k'tzeih gvulecha'** — kedushah so low it's at the border with tum'ah; hence **'lo sa'avor'** — one on a lower level **cannot confront resha'im** — **'tzaddik mimenu bolea'** (Bava Metzia)."** **"**'Ba'mesilah na'aleh'** — bechina of **'m'silos bi'lvavam'** (Tehillim 84:6) — to bring morech in their hearts. **'V'im meimecha nishteh'** — **meimecha = mishpat** — **'va'yigal ka'mayim mishpat'** (Amos 5:24) — sometimes must bend resha'im via their mishpatim. **'V'nasati michram'** (Targum: **'es demeihon'**) — the **shochad** received — must give them money to extract mishpat from its crookedness b'ratzonam. **'Rak ein davar, b'raglai e'e'verah'** — I want to pass via your koach **to silence the resha'im**, so their words won't enter **'raglai'** = amcha (kinui 'raglayim,' Shemos 11:8 'asher b'raglecha'). **'Va'yomer lo sa'avor'** — all from mi'ut ha'kedushah."** **"Hence: must pour tefilah before Torah, bind with nafshos of the shomim. Then kedushah yeseirah is added — **'b'rov am hadras melech'** (Mishlei 14:28) — per rabbim-kedushah so hashra'as ha'Torah, so malachim, so koach to punish."** Intermediate: **י. Escalating mi'ut → 4 levels**: punish b'charba → subdue with morech → use their courts → silence only. **"Va'yishlach Moshe malachim el melech Edom"** (Bam 20:14): malachim from ma'amaros tehoros (Teh 68:12). Edom=charev/pgam habris (Vay 26:25; Zohar Vayechi 240b; Va'era 26b). **Galus Mitzrayim**: "va'nits'ak... va'yishma koleinu" → kol arouses da'as ("ha'kol m'oreir kavanah," Ber 24b; SA OC 101) → Moshe=da'as → va'yotzi'einu. Haggadah b'kol ram; Haggadah="va'yaged b'riso" (Dev 4:13); yayin (San 70a "b'chamra v'reichani pak'chin"; "tirosh=rosh"=da'as). Request: derech ha'melech, not olam-hazeh-ta'anugim (Bam 20:17). Refusal ← mi'ut kedushah ("ir k'tzeih gvulecha"). Remaining choices: silence / none. Tefilah+rabbim → rov kedushah → malachim → koach.

Beginner: **And this is Bamidbar 20:14:** **"Va'yishlach Moshe mal'achim el melech Edom"** ('And Moshe sent messengers/malachim to the king of Edom') -- **"mal'achim"** = the malachim as above [created from the pure ma'amaros]; **"melech Edom"** = as above [the sar of Edom, from whom koach is drawn to punish wicked with cherev]. **"Ko amar achicha Yisrael"** (20:14) -- that is: these malachim **were formed from the pure ma'amaros of Israel**, in the aspect of **"yiten omer ha'm'vasros tzava rav"** (Tehillim 68:12) -- 'He gives the utterance -- those who bear tidings are a great host.' **"Atah yada'ata es ha'tlaah asher m'tza'asnu, va'yeirdu avoseinu Mitzraymah"** (20:15) -- **"atah yada'ata"** davka ('*you* know' -- emphatic): because **all punishments come through him [the sar of Edom]**, and in particular galus Mitzrayim, which was for pgam ha'bris, as is known; and for pgam ha'bris the sword comes, as **"cherev nokemes nekam b'ris"** (Vayikra 26:25) -- 'a sword avenging the vengeance of the covenant' (see Zohar Vayechi 240; Zohar Va'era 26b). And he [the sar of Edom] is placed over the cherev. **"Va'yare'u lanu ha'Mitzrim... va'nitzak el Hashem Elokei avoseinu, va'yishma es koleinu, va'yishlach mal'ach va'yotzi'einu mi'Mitzrayim"** (20:15-16). Our Chazal (**Vayikra Rabbah 1:1**, brought in Rashi there) explained: **"va'yishlach mal'ach -- zeh Moshe."** **"Va'yotzi'einu"** -- because **pgam ha'bris is pgam ha'da'as** (as **"v'ha'Adam yada,"** Bereshis 4:1 -- using the term of da'as for b'ris), and the **kol** (voice) awakens da'as, as **"ha'kol mei'orer ha'kavanah"** ('the voice awakens intent'; see **Berachos 24b**; Rosh and Rabbeinu Yonah there; Shulchan Aruch O"Ch 101 and 61:4). Therefore: **"va'nitzak"** (we cried out), **"va'yishma es koleinu"** (He heard our voice) -- the kol awakens da'as -- **"va'yishlach mal'ach, zeh Moshe"** = the aspect of da'as; and through the revelation of da'as in its rectified form, then **"va'yotzi'einu."** **Therefore the Haggadah is recited b'kol ram** (in a loud voice), because the ge'ulah came via kol -- "va'yishma es koleinu." And therefore it is called **"Haggadah"** -- to indicate **tikkun ha'bris**, in the aspect of **"va'yageid lachem es b'riso"** (Devarim 4:13) -- 'and He told you His covenant.' And the essential mitzvah is with **yayin**, to indicate **tikkun ha'da'as**, in the aspect of **"b'chamra v'rei'chani pak'chin"** (**Sanhedrin 70a**) -- 'with wine and fragrance, [their senses] are opened' -- and in the aspect of **"tirosh"** (new wine) -- **"zakhah na'asah rosh"** (ibid.) -- 'if he merits, it makes him a head' = da'as. **"E'brah na b'artz'cha"** (Bamidbar 20:17) -- 'let me pass through your land': they wanted to go to Eretz Yisrael via the **kochos of Edom** as above -- to receive from him koach to punish the reshaim with cherev and katla, so that they could walk in **derech ha'melech** -- the way of the King of the world -- not for the ta'anugim of olam ha'zeh. This is **"lo neilech b'sadeh u'vkerem v'lo nishteh mei v'eir"** (20:17) -- 'we will not go through field or vineyard, nor drink well-water' -- these are the aspect of ta'anugim of olam ha'zeh; all this we do not desire, rather **"derech ha'melech neilech"** -- so the reshaim will not prevent us from going in the way of the King of the world. **"Va'yomer elav Edom: lo ta'avor bi pen b'cherev eitzei likrasecha"** (20:18) -- 'Edom said: you shall not pass through me, lest I go out against you with the sword.' All this is from **me'itas koach ha'kedushah** (diminution of the power of kedushah), as above. This is: **"va'anachnu b'Kadeish ir k'tzeh g'vulecha"** (20:16) -- 'and we are in Kadeish, a city at the edge of your border' -- meaning: because the kedushah is on such a lowered madreigah that it touches the border of tumah, **therefore "va'yomer lo ta'avor bi"** -- for one on a lower madreigah should not provoke reshaim, because **"tzaddik mimenu bole'a"** ('a tzaddik less than him swallows him' -- **Bava Metzia**; based on Chavakuk 1:13). **"Va'yomru elav b'nei Yisrael: ba'mesilah na'aleh"** (20:19) -- 'we will go up by the highway' -- aspect of **"m'silos bi'l'vavam"** (Tehillim 84:6) -- to bring **morech (faintness/fear) into their hearts**. **"V'im meimecha nishteh"** (20:19) -- 'and if we drink your waters': **"meimecha"** is the aspect of **mishpat**, as **"v'yigal ka'mayim mishpat"** (Amos 5:24) -- 'let mishpat roll down like water' -- meaning: at times one must subdue reshaim through their own mishpat. **"V'natati michram"** (20:19) -- 'I will give its price' -- Targum: **"es d'meihon"** ('their prices'), meaning the **shochad (bribes)** they receive; one must give them mamon to extract mishpat from its crookedness with their consent. **"Rak ein davar b'raglai e'evorah"** (20:19) -- 'only, without matter, let me pass through on my feet': I want to pass through with your koach in order to silence the reshaim, so their words not enter **"b'raglai"** = the **hamon am** (the masses), who are called **raglayim**, as **"v'chol ha'am asher b'raglecha"** (Shemos 11:8) -- 'all the people who are at your feet.' **"Va'yomer lo ta'avor"** (20:20) -- and all this is because of **me'itas ha'kedushah** as above. **The lesson at this juncture**: One must pour out his tefilah before [beginning] the Torah, and bind himself with the nefashos of the listeners -- and through this, **tosefes kedushah yeseirah** is added above, in the aspect of **"b'rov am hadras melech"** (Mishlei 14:28) -- 'in a multitude of people is the king's glory.' And according to the greatness of the kedushah, so the greatness of the he'aras ha'Torah; and according to the he'aras ha'Torah, so the strength of the malachim [formed from it]; and according to the strength of the malachim, so one can punish the reshaim who are motzei dibah (slanderers). Intermediate: **Bamidbar 20:14-20 peirush:** **"Va'yishlach Moshe mal'achim el melech Edom"** = malachim (from pure ma'amaros) + melech Edom (sar of Edom = koach for cherev). **"Ko amar achicha Yisrael"** = malachim formed from Israel's ma'amaros -- **"yiten omer ha'm'vasros tzava rav"** (Teh 68:12). **"Atah yada'ata es ha'tlaah... va'yeirdu avoseinu Mitzraymah"** (20:15): "atah yada'ata" davka -- all onshin through him; galus Mitzrayim = pgam ha'bris; pgam ha'bris → cherev -- **"cherev nokemes nekam b'ris"** (Vay 26:25; Zohar Vayechi 240; Va'era 26b); sar placed over cherev. **"Va'yishma es koleinu, va'yishlach mal'ach"** = Moshe (**VR 1:1; Rashi**). **"Va'yotzi'einu"** -- pgam ha'bris = pgam ha'da'as ("v'ha'Adam yada," Ber 4:1); **kol mei'orer ha'da'as** ("ha'kol mei'orer ha'kavanah" -- **Ber 24b**; Rosh, R" Yonah; ShO"Ch 101, 61:4). Therefore: nitzak → kol → kol mei'orer da'as → mal'ach = Moshe = da'as → va'yotzi'einu. **Haggadah b'kol ram**: ge'ulah via kol. Name **"Haggadah"** = tikkun ha'bris ("va'yageid lachem es b'riso," Dev 4:13). Mitzvah **b'yayin** = tikkun ha'da'as (**"b'chamra v'rei'chani pak'chin,"** Sanh 70a; "tirosh" = "zakhah na'asah rosh" = da'as). **"E'brah na b'artz'cha"** (20:17) = want EY via Edom's kochos (receive koach to punish reshaim b'cherev/katla) so can go **derech ha'melech**, not for olam ha'zeh ta'anugim: "lo neilech b'sadeh u'vkerem" = not ta'anugim. **"Lo ta'avor bi pen b'cherev"** (20:18) = me'itas koach ha'kedushah. **"B'Kadeish ir k'tzeh g'vulecha"** (20:16) = kedushah at lowered madreigah touching g'vul tumah → can't provoke reshaim ("tzaddik mimenu bole'a," **BM**). **"Ba'mesilah na'aleh"** (20:19) = "m'silos bi'l'vavam" (Teh 84:6) = morech in hearts. **"V'im meimecha nishteh"** = mishpat ("v'yigal ka'mayim mishpat," Amos 5:24) -- subdue reshaim via own mishpat. **"V'natati michram"** = Targum "d'meihon" = **shochad** (must give mamon to extract mishpat from akuv). **"Rak ein davar b'raglai"** = to silence reshaim so their words not enter b'raglai = **hamon am** ("ha'am asher b'raglecha," Shem 11:8). **Therefore**: pour tefilah before Torah + bind with nefashos ha'shom'im → **tosefes kedushah** ("b'rov am hadras melech," Mishlei 14:28) → greater he'arah ha'Torah → stronger malachim → can punish motzei dibah.

Beginner: **Each tikkun mapped to a bechina of the dikna:** **Tikkuna Kadma'ah: nimin al nimin, mi'kamei pischei d'udnin ad reisha [d'puma]** — **nimin = se'aros = 'sha'arei Tziyon'** (Tehillim 87:2) = **'mateh uz'cha yishlach mi'Tziyon.'** **Mi'kamei pischei d'udnin** — before they heard whether they could accept; **ad reisha d'puma** — they opened their mouth and said 'na'aseh.' Chazal (Kesubos 112): **'d'kadmi pumaichu l'udnaichu'** (your mouth preceded your ears). **Tikkuna Tanina: mei'reisha hai l'reisha achara** — subdue their ra (above) — removing them from **sitra achra** and bringing them under **kedushah**: 'mei'reisha hai l'reisha achara.' **Tikkuna Telita'ah: ishtekach misachos trein nikvin archa malya d'lo ischazya** — **chotem** (nose/nostrils) = **'v'dibartem el ha'sela'** — bechina of **'u't'hilasi echtam lach'** (Yeshayahu 48:9). **Archa malya** — 'ki ein machsor li'rei'av' (Tehillim 34:10) = **malya**. Yirah = tefilah = **'ishah yir'as Hashem hi tis'halel'** (Mishlei 31:30) = chotem — **'v'haricho b'yiras Hashem'** (Yeshayahu 11:3). **D'lo ischazya** — must minimize himself, no zechus-claim — **'al tis'hader li'fnei melech'** (Mishlei 25:6). **Tikkuna Rivi'a'ah: il'in is'chafin mei'hai gisa u'mei'hai gisa** — **hiskashrus with their neshamos**; they **cover him on every side**. **Tikkuna Chamisha'ah: is'chazin trein tapuchin sumkin k'vardah** — **tapuchin = opening of the lev** — the lev elyon's rachamim aroused, pours dibburei esh = **sumka k'vardah**. **Tikkuna Shisha'ah: b'chad chuta talin achmin takifin ad chadvei** — **hamshachas ha'Torah**: bechina of **'talalim shechoros ka'orev'** (Shir 5:11) = **tilei tilim shel halachos** (Eruvin 21b), descending **ad chadvei = ad mei'ai** — **'v'Torascha b'toch mei'ai'** (Tehillim 40:9). **Talin b'chad chuta** = **'u'sevivav nis'arah me'od, ha'KBH m'dakdek im tzaddikim k'chut'** (Yevamos 121b) — pgam as a chut → no koach to draw these halachos. **Tikkuna Shevi'a'ah: safon sumkei k'vardah ispanon** — **beriyas ha'malachim** — **'u'v'ru'ach piv kol tz'va'am'** (Tehillim 33:6); **sumka k'vardah** = **'m'shar'sav eish lohet'** (Tehillim 104:4). **Tikkuna Shmina'ah: ze'irin nachatin b'garona u'machafin kadla** — **receiving koach from Edom** to subdue enemies turning the neck (pnei oreph). **Ze'irin = koach of Edom**: **'katan nesaticha va'goyim'** (Ovadyah 1:2). **Nachatin b'garona** = **charev** — **'romemos Kel bi'gronam v'cherev pifiyos b'yadam'** (Tehillim 149:6). **Tikkuna Tshi'a'ah: rav'rvin u'ze'irin nachatin b'shekula** — **EY divided to tribes** — bechina of **'chayos k'tanos im gedolos'** (Tehillim 104:25). **Ba'ilein ishtekach gvar v'takif** — once one reaches EY, called **gvar v'takif**; before, **'al yis'halel choger ki'mfatei'ach'** (Melachim I 20:11); after victory, **ish milchamah**."** Intermediate: **9 tikkunim mapped**: (1) nimin=se'aros="mateh uz'cha mi'Tziyon" (Teh 87:2); mi'kamei pischei udnin=before hearing, "na'aseh" (Kes 112 "kadmi pumaichu l'udnaichu"); (2) reisha hai l'reisha achara=moving from sitra achra to kedushah; (3) chotem="v'dibartem"/"u't'hilasi echtam" (Yesh 48:9); archa malya="ein machsor" (Teh 34:10); yirah=tefilah=chotem (Yesh 11:3; Mishlei 31:30; 25:6); (4) il'in covering=hiskashrus with neshamos; (5) tapuchin sumkin=opening of lev → dibburei esh; (6) chad chuta talin achmin=tilei tilim halachos (Shir 5:11; Eruv 21b; Teh 40:9); k'chut (Yev 121b); (7) safon k'vardah=malachim ("m'shar'sav eish lohet," Teh 104:4; 33:6); (8) ze'irin b'garona=Edom's koach ("katan nesaticha," Ov 1:2; Teh 149:6 "cherev pifiyos"); (9) rav'rvin u'ze'irin=EY/tribes (Teh 104:25); **gvar v'takif**=only after reaching EY (Mel I 20:11).

Beginner: **Reb Nosson's colophon**: **"This Torah was said on **Rosh Hashanah** on the pasuk 'Ashrei ha'am yod'ei teru'ah' (Tehillim 89:16), but we did not merit to receive from his holy handwriting the explanation of that pasuk per this Torah. Also, before saying this Torah, he told (some time before) an **awesome story** he saw in a place he saw — whether awake or in a dream — and he said that **the Torah of the 9 Tikkunim is a peirush on that awesome sight**. Im yirtzeh Hashem, another appointed vision to clarify these matters in another place, b'ezras Hashem yisborach."** Intermediate: **R"N colophon**: said on **R"H** on "Ashrei ha'am yod'ei teru'ah" (Teh 89:16); his ms-peirush on that pasuk not received. Before saying, told **awesome story/vision** — Torah of 9 tikkunim is its peirush. Clarification im yirtzeh Hashem.